First Clement and Rebellious Corinthian Women

The identity of the perpetrators in Corinth that the author of 1 Clement is turning against has been, and still is, a much discussed question in the research concerning the letter. In this paper I will discuss one such proposed solution that was offered by Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza some years ago in her already classic volume, In Memory of Her. According to Fiorenza it was wealthy women who acted as patrons in the congregation that had exerted their power to depose the presbyters. Fiorenza is able to make a significant argument for this viewpoint, particularly pointing to verses neglected by other scholars that imply that there were women with control in Corinth, threatening the domination of patriarchy there. While accepting many of Fiorenza’s findings in the text, I however find reason to question the conclusions drawn from these about the historical circumstances of the conflict. At least since William Wrede’s Untersuchungen zum Ersten Klemensbrief (1891) there has been a scholarly camp which holds that the author of 1Clement had limited knowledge of what was actually going on in Corinth. Instead, he used other sources in composing his letter. In this paper I argue that the author of 1 Clement was imitating Paul and was drawing much inspiration in his writing from Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians. Influenced by that letter, rather than by knowledge of actual circumstances, the author assumed that women were part of the problem in Corinth and therefore especially had to be corrected (e.g. 1 Cor 11:3-16; 14:33-36). This assumption was probably further strengthened by the fact that there were troubles with “disorderly” and “rebellious” women in other parts of the movement of Christ-believers at the time (cf. the Pastoral Epistles). Women were becoming the usual suspects when strife and disorder appeared among the Christians.