Scholars in biblical studies and theology have long been interested in God as a parental figure (father and/or mother). Remarkably, this research has not been informed by attachment theory. Attachment theory is well-established scientific theory that describes the child-parent relationship across multiple species that is thoroughly integrated into evolutionary theory and provides an excellent example of evolutionary psychology. Many species have an innate attachment system, or set of behaviors that facilitate the survival of the young through parental caregiving. Attachment theory has been expanded to describe the human-divine relationship within the psychology of religion (e.g., Lee A. Kirkpatrick, Attachment, Evolution, and the Psychology of Religion), but these insights have not yet been applied to biblical studies. The present paper will briefly describe attachment theory and its role in the psychology of religion, then illustrate how these insights can be applied to reading ancient texts. Prior research on deities as parents has been limited to texts in which explicit parental imagery appears and has ignored attachment theory in favor of no theory or poor theory (e.g., Freud’s ‘oral fixation’). However, the dynamics of child-parent relationship are thoroughly described by attachment theory and these dynamics are present beyond the narrow limits of explicit parental imagery. The paper will focus on method and how attachment theory illuminates the relational dynamics encoded in Hebrew and Akkadian prayers and prophetic texts and how these texts speak about relationship with deities. The paper will include attentiveness to gender. In Akkadian and Hebrew, deities may be described as paternal or maternal independent of their gender (e.g., Shamash as mother, Ishtar as father). However, child-parent dynamics persist across gender lines because the attachment system in humans informs how people think about and relate to deities.