Unfair criticisms have been leveled against the LXX translations of the Hebrew text by many. Some translations are too loose, some are too literal, some are ridiculous, and some are flat out wrong – so goes the criticism. Some scholars even wonder whether the LXX translators understood Hebrew very well. Others have tried to emend the Greek text based on the Hebrew, and vice versa. These criticisms are based on the assumption that the LXX is a translation of the Hebrew text. This paper challenges this assumption. It argues that the LXX is possibly the earliest extent form of a “Targum” – a Greek Targum. This paper uses LXX Psalm 54 as a test case to show that (1) the LXX was meant to be read alongside the Hebrew text, (2) each word was translated so as to function as an interlineary unit within which the interpretation occurred, and (3) the primary tools of interpretation were the Greek tenses, moods, and cases, which Hebrew lacked. The LXX translator freely gave each Hebrew word he was translating Greek grammatical features that the Hebrew naturally lacked. He did this with great subtlety and skill. He sometimes intentionally deviated from the Hebrew text, as in v. 22a, and on other occasions he even changed the tenses, all in an effort to instruct the reader on how to understand the Hebrew. This paper challenges the variants suggested by the BHS apparatus as being based on the assumption that the LXX Psalm is a straight translation of the Hebrew. The very literalistic style of the LXX translation of Psalm 54 notwithstanding, the translator offers an exciting interpretation of the text as a portrayal of the Psalmist’s inner psychological struggles.